Construction and Consideration of Comprehensive Evaluation System for Clinical Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Malignant Tumors / 中医杂志

With reference to the comprehensive evaluation system for the clinical effectiveness of Chinese patent medicine， this paper summarized the current status and problems of the comprehensive evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of malignant tumors from seven aspects， including safety， effectiveness， cost-effectiveness， innovation， suitability， accessibility， and TCM features. On this basis， the characteristics of TCM and the disciplinary characteristics of oncology are considered， and multiple sources of evidence， focus on dominant groups of people， consideration of economic toxicity， paying attention to post-marketing research， targeting at patients' willingness of medication， anchoring the supply of TCM services， and introducing symptoms threshold events are further emphasized. Moreover， methods such as nested case-control studies， enrichment designs， real-world research， and intelligent TCM diagnosis and treatment platforms are used to obtain high-level clinical evidence， ultimately building a scientific， homogeneous， and standardized comprehensive evaluation system for the clinical effectiveness of TCM in the treatment of malignant tumors.

Establishment and application of suitable technology for screening, diagnosis and evaluation of neonatal congenital heart disease in Hainan Province / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract： Objective　To establish a screening-diagnosis-evaluation system of neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) suitable for Hainan Province based on the application of percutaneous blood oxygen saturation measurement and cardiac auscultation screening, and to provide a basis for further promotion of the evaluation effect. Methods　Screening agencies (all midwifery institutions) used the "double index method" to screen newborns for congenital heart disease. Those who were screened positive for any index were transferred to diagnostic institutions (the people's hospitals of all cities and counties and some tertiary hospitals) for echocardiography examination within 1 week. Those with abnormal results were transferred to the treatment institution (two tertiary hospitals) for reconfirmation and evaluation. All data were managed online. Results　In this study, 96 913 newborns born in midwifery institutions in 19 cities and counties were screened, with a response rate of 99.44%. The ratio of male infants (50 836) to female infants (46 077) was 1.10∶1. A total of 2 284 positive patients were screened by dual index method, and ultrasound diagnosis was performed, with the rate of cardiac ultrasonography of 98.07% (2 240/2 284) and a high response rate. A total of 238 cases of congenital heart disease were diagnosed (incidence rate of 0.25%), with the top three main types were ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. The sensitivity (88.24%) and Youden index (0.86) of dual-indicator screening for CHD detection were significantly higher than the other separate indicators. Through Kappa consistency test analysis, the consistency of dual-indicator screening with simple heart murmur screening results was excellent, with a Kappa coefficient value of 0.835 (>0.75); the consistency of dual-indicator screening and simple POX screening results was good, with a Kappa coefficient value of 0.429 (between 0.40-0.75), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). By the end of the study, 136 children had undergone open-chest/occlusion surgery, with good postoperative recovery, and the rest were followed up. Conclusions　The neonatal CHD screening-diagnosis-assessment technology system established in this study, with close connections between various blocks, high screening response rate and echocardiography examination rate, is beneficial for the early diagnosis and treatment of CHD children, and has certain application value in institutions at all levels in Hainan Province, and is worth further promotion.

Study on the Patient Satisfaction Evaluation System of Elderly-friendly Medical Institutions / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 Evaluating the service quality and medical experience of elderly-friendly medical institutions from the perspective of elderly patients and their accompanying relatives and friends is a specific measure and work focus to promote the construction of elderly-friendly medical institutions, optimize the medical procedures for the elderly, solve the intelligent technology difficulties encountered in the medical process for the elderly, promote public hospitals to fully implement preferential policies for elderly medical services, and continuously improve the health and well-being of the elderly. 【Methods:】 Based on literature analysis and expert consultation, the satisfaction evaluation indicators for elderly-friendly medical institutions were formed. The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to assign weights to the indicators. And then, the satisfaction evaluation index system for elderly-friendly medical institutions was formed. 【Results:】 After two rounds of Delphi method, and the scoring and demonstration of 15 experts, four primary indicators and 21 secondary indicators were finally formed, and then, assigned weight coefficients to them through analysis. 【Conclusion:】 After the expert demonstration, the satisfaction evaluation system for elderly-friendly medical institutions has good reliability and validity, providing the basis for the construction of elderly-friendly medical institutions and contributing to the formation of a sustainable, systematic, and diversified elderly-friendly service system.

Suggestions on the evaluation system of science and technology in the field of health policy and management research / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Health policy and management, and its development as a discipline, play an important role in promoting the development of medicine; however, where is no scientific and reasonable evaluation system of science and technology in practice.Here we will explore and establish a special evaluation system to this research feild.Methods:To analyze the problems, tasks and unique research methods specially solved and used in the field of health management and policy; to discuss the existing problems with theory combined with practice.Results:According to the guidance of national policy, put forward principles and some assessment indicators with their weight grading, index, and examples in detail for the academic evaluation system in the field of this field.Conclusions:Health policy and management is a kind of discipline of the category of social science that possesed the particularity of practice management. Thus, it is important that the academic evaluation should reflect the responsibilities, contributions and characteristics of this subject and the researchers.

Construction and reflection of mixed evaluation system of physiology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The mixed evaluation system uses the network platform as a carrier to construct a dynamic evaluation model that spans time and space between online and offline, between individuals and teams. Mixed evaluation system of physiology was performed for two years, and the process evaluation and the summative evaluation in the mixed evaluation system showed a good correlation, and the students' learning ability and learning effect showed consistency with the evaluation results. Practice has proved that the mixed evaluation system not only optimizes the traditional evaluation system, but also fully expands the five principles of formative evaluation; however, while reflecting the advantages of the network platform, it also exposes the defects of insufficient supervision of the network platform. Thus, we should further improve the mixed evaluation system of physiology.

Construction of quantitative evaluation system of regional clinical pharmacists’professional ability / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To construct the quantitative evaluation system of regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability， and provide reference for the evaluation of regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability. METHODS Twenty-one experts from 18 hospitals in Chongqing were consulted to construct a professional ability index system for clinical pharmacists. TOPSIS model was used to calculate and obtain the expert authority index （EI）， and the weighted averaging method was used to construct the judgment matrix. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to calculate the weights of all indicators for establishing a quantitative evaluation system of regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability according to the weights of each item. RESULTS The results of TOPSIS showed that the EI range was 0.010-0.100， and the relative authority of experts was distinguished and measured effectively. The results of AHP showed that the judgment matrix of the quantitative evaluation system met the requirements of consistency test （consistency test index CR＜0.1）. Finally， a quantitative evaluation system for regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability was established， including 6 sub-objective items （basic ability， clinical practice ability， coordination and communication ability， publicity ability， scientific research and teaching ability， continuous improvement ability） and 25 index items （such as educational background， professional title， clinical pharmacy working years， daily theoretical skills assessment， information ability level， medication education， etc.）. CONCLUSIONS A quantitative evaluation system of regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability has been established. Our study provides a theoretical reference for the quantitative evaluation and optimal management of regional clinical pharmacists.

Scientific production and most researched diseases in the Biological Sciences postgraduate programs in Brazil / Produção científica e doenças mais pesquisadas nos programas de pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas no Brasil

This macro-level scientometrics study aimed to analyze the similarities and differences in the scientific communication patterns of the Brazilian postgraduate programs (BPPs) belonging to the Biological Sciences II field (BS2), as defined by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Also, it was identified the most researched diseases and it was discussed their relationship with the needs of Brazilian public health considering the burden of disease (Disability-Adjusted Life Year - DALY, Brazil) estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, the scientific production of the BS2's sub-areas Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology, and Morphology was evaluated from 2013 to 2016, through considering the citation impact, Impact Factor (Journal Citation Reports), and scientific collaboration. Data collected included formal information provided to CAPES by all BPPs through the Plataforma Sucupira as well as metadata from Web of Science documents. In addition, were employed the standardized Medical Subject Headings (PubMed) for the analysis of researched diseases. We concluded that the patterns of scientific communication in Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology, and Morphology were predominantly different. Thus, there is a need to consider specificities among the five sub-areas in the evaluation process performed by CAPES. Different approaches are revealed by identifying the most frequently researched diseases and explaining the contributions of each sub-area for Brazilian public health.

Este estudo cientométrico de nível macro teve como objetivo analisar as semelhanças e as diferenças nos padrões de comunicação científica dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros (PPGs) da área de Ciências Biológicas II, avaliados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Além disso, foram identificadas as doenças mais pesquisadas e foi discutido sua relação com as necessidades de saúde pública brasileira, considerando a carga de doenças (Disability-Adjusted Life Year - DALY, Brasil) estimada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Assim, a produção científica das subáreas Biofísica, Bioquímica, Farmacologia, Fisiologia e Morfologia da área de Ciências Biológicas II foi avaliada de 2013 a 2016, considerando o impacto de citações, o Fator de Impacto (Journal Citation Reports) e a colaboração científica. Os dados coletados incluíram informações declaradas à CAPES por todos os PPGs por meio da Plataforma Sucupira, bem como metadados de documentos da Web of Science. Além disso, foram utilizados os cabeçalhos de Medical Subject Headings (PubMed) para a análise das doenças pesquisadas. Concluímos que os padrões de comunicação científica entre as subáreas Biofísica, Bioquímica, Farmacologia, Fisiologia e Morfologia foram predominantemente diferentes. Assim, é necessário considerar as especificidades entre as cinco subáreas no processo de avaliação realizado pela CAPES. Diferentes abordagens são reveladas a partir da identificação das doenças mais pesquisadas e da explicação das contribuições de cada subárea para a saúde pública brasileira.

The reliability and validity of multi-dimensional, quantitative video evaluation of the hand function of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of a multi-dimensional, quantitative video evaluation system (the Multi-dimensional system) for evaluating hand dysfunction among stroke survivors so as to provide an objective basis for its clinical application.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors with single dysfunctional hand were evaluated using the Multi-dimensional system and also using the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment (FMA-UE) and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and in terms of their active range of hand motion (AROM-H). The Multi-dimensional system′s internal consistency, composite reliability, split-half reliability, parallel-forms reliability as well as intra- and inter-observer reliability were quantified. Its validity was tested in terms of content validity, structural validity, convergent validity and criterion validity.Results:The system′s Cronbach′s α was determined to be 0.86. Its one-dimension composite reliability was 0.939, its split-half reliability coefficient was 0.88 and its parallel-forms reliability was 0.922. The inter-evaluator reliability was between 0.965 and 0.998 [95%CI= (0.919, 0.999)], and the single evaluator ICC value was 0.973 to 0.998 [95%CI= (0.937, 0.999)]. The validity test produced a content validity index of 1, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between each sub-item and the total score were all greater than 0.60. The KMO value for structural validity was 0.882, and there was a common factor in the component matrix which reflected 60.9% of the information in the original variables. The system′s convergent validity AVE was 0.609 with Pearson correlation coefficients between the multidimensional system and the FMA-UE and ARAT both > 0.70.Conclusion:The multi-dimensional quantitative video evaluation system has good reliability and validity in the evaluation of stroke survivors with hand dysfunction.

Constructing the educational quality evaluation system for the master of public health / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To construct a practical education training quality evaluation system that can monitor the entire training process for the master of public health, and to provide a basis for improving the public health education system.Methods:Based on the survey of the current status of the master of public health, combined with the literature survey, the focus group discussion and the expert forum, an evaluation system was established, and the weight coefficient of each index was determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). All data were entered by Excel double-person, and matlabR2018a was used to calculate the weight, and determine the maximum characteristic root of the matrix, consistency index and consistency ratio.Results:The evaluation index system consisted of 7 first-level indicators and 24 second-level indicators. The average authority coefficient of 32 experts was 0.791. The top three items with the highest weight in the first-level indicators were mentor guidance (0.213), professional practice (0.157) and scientific research topics (0.149). The weight coefficient consistency ratio ( CR) was 0.040, showing that the consistency test passed ( CR<0.1). Conclusion:The educational quality evaluation system of the master of public health constructed by the institute is scientific, and the weight of the evaluation index reflects the focus of the postgraduate training process of the master of public health, which can provide a reference for improving the quality of public health professionals.

Analysis of staged two-way evaluation results of Milestones evaluation system on obstetrics and gynecology residents / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To evaluate the standardized residency training of obstetrics and gynaecology in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University with Milestones evaluation system of obstetrics and gynecology, and to evaluate the feedback effect of the system.Methods:An improved Milestones evaluation form was developed to evaluate the self-evaluation and clinical tutor's scores, collect the results and make a statistical analysis of the 1-3 years standardized training residents of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University in September 2019. GraphPad Prism 8 software was used for data collection and statistical analysis, and Box-Plots software was used for drawing analysist. Descriptive statistics method was used for the general situation of the research objects. After the students' self-evaluation and tutor's scores passed the normal distribution and variance homogeneity test, paired t test was performed, and the scores of residents from different sources were analyzed by variance analysis. Results:A total of 164 residents of obstetrics and gynaecology were evaluated, and there were significant differences between self-evaluation and teacher's evaluation in medical knowledge, learning ability and system work ( P<0.05). The competency scores of the first year residents ranged from 3.003 to 4.556, and at the end of the course they increased to 4.921 to 5.974, showing statistically significant differences in each item compared with the first year ( P<0.001). After three years of training, residents from different sources showed significant improvement ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The Milestones evaluation system of the obstetrics and gynecology can be used for the training assessment and feedback of the residents in obstetrics and gynecology specialty. The self-assessment of residents helps to understand the level of self-assessment, and the teacher's evaluation helps to correct the bias generated by self-assessment. The systematic and staged Milestones evaluation system can instruct the clinical tutors to instruct the residents in accordance with their aptitude, and give feedback on the training effect of the residency training base.

Construction of the evaluation system for the in-service training of "double-qualified" clinical nursing teachers / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct a scientific and objective evaluation system for the in-service training of "double-qualified" clinical nursing teachers.Methods:From August 2020 to March 2021, the framework was preliminarily constructed through literature analysis, and the evaluation system was constructed by Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process.Results:The authority coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation are 0.82 and 0.81 respectively, and the overall coordination coefficients are 0.24 and 0.21 respectively. As a result, we construct the evaluation system for the in-service training of "double-qualified" clinical nursing teachers, included 8 first-level indicators, 39 second-level indicators and 39 groups of grading rules.Conclusions:The evaluation index system for the on-the-job training of "dual-teacher" clinical nursing teachers constructed in this study can provide a reference for the reform of the current "dual-teacher" clinical nursing teachers′ on-the-job training, and improve the quality of teacher training, and guarantee the quality of nursing teaching.

Ascending， Descending， Floating and Sinking Properties of Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen Based on Pulmonary Edema Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThe pulmonary edema （PE） model where the disease was located in the viscera was established according to the treatment principle that patients with the disease location inside should be treated with descending and sinking medicine， combined with changes in the disease tendency， to verify the scientificity of descending and sinking properties of Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen （SD）， and to preliminarily elucidate the scientific connotation of descending， ascending， floating and sinking of Chinese medicine. MethodSixty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group， model group （20 mg·kg-1）， positive drug group （dexamethasone， 0.075 mg·kg-1） and SD low （1.167 g·kg-1）， medium （2.334 g·kg-1）and high （4.668 g·kg-1） dose groups. The PE model was established by intrapleural injection of 1% carrageenan （2 mL·kg-1）. The evaluation indexes （lung autopsy， amount of pleural effusion， number of white blood cells， lung wet/dry weight ratio， lung water content and lung permeability） were tested to determine the optimal dose of SD decoction for intervention of PE. The relevant indexes of the five major systems （central nervous system， respiratory system， circulatory system， digestive system and urinary system） closely related to the body's Qi movement were detected and changes in the disease tendency in PE rats were analyzed， to determine the descending， ascending， floating and sinking properties of SD. In addition， histopathological changes were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and types and numbers of inflammatory cells and mediators were detected to preliminarily explore the mechanism of SD in improving PE. ResultCompared with the conditions in the normal control group， the amount of pleural effusion， number of white blood cells in pleural effusion， lung wet/dry weight ratio， lung water content and lung permeability were increased （P<0.01） in the model group， where the rats presented cough， dyspnea， shortness of breath and arched back， and a small number of them had wet nose and bubble liquid in nostrils. In the autopsy of the rats in the model group， the lungs were enlarged or accompanied by congestion and plenty of pink bubble liquid appeared at the trachea. Compared with the conditions in the model group， SD reduced the amount of pleural effusion， number of white blood cells in pleural effusion， lung coefficient， lung wet/dry weight ratio and lung water content （P<0.01）， and improved pulmonary edema symptoms such as damage， inflammation and infiltration around the lumen， thickening of the trachea， and accumulation of edema fluid， and the SD medium dose group had the best effect on the treatment of PE. In terms of respiratory system， compared with the normal control group， the model group had reduced latent time of cough and asthma （P<0.05， P<0.01） and elevated number of cough and wheezing （P<0.01）. The three SD groups had increased latent time of cough and asthma and decreased number of cough and wheezing （P<0.01）. In terms of urinary system， compared with the normal control group， the model group presented decreased urine volume. The SD low， medium and high dose groups had increased urine volume （P<0.05， P<0.01）， but they had no effect on perspiration. In terms of digestive system， compared with the conditions in the normal control group， the gastric residual rate and gastrin （GT） level were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the gastric emptying rate and small intestine transit rate were decreased （P<0.01）. The SD low dose group had elevated small intestine transit rate （P<0.01）， and the SD high and medium groups had enhanced gastric emptying rate and small intestine transit rate （P<0.01）， reduced gastric residual rate， lowered GT level to promote gastrointestinal movement and transportation （P<0.01）， and increased motilin （MTL） level to promote gastric emptying in rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of circulatory system， compared with the normal control group， the model group displayed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular short axis shortening rate （LVFS） and cardiac output （CO） （P<0.01）， and elevated tendency of heart rate， systolic blood pressure （SBP， P<0.01） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP， P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the SD low dose group increased LVEF and decreased DBP （P<0.05）， while the SD medium dose group increased LVEF， LVFS， CO and SBP （P<0.01） and decreased DBP （P<0.05）， and the SD high dose group increased LVFS （P<0.01） and decreased SBP （P<0.01） and DBP （P<0.05）. In terms of central nervous system， compared with the conditions in the normal control group， the standing times dropped in the model group （P<0.01）. SD reduced the movement distance， movement time， standing times and activity time in the center of the open field， and increased the rest time and activity time at the edge of the open field （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， compared with the normal control group， the model group had serious inflammatory infiltration around the lung lumen， thickened trachea with accumulated edema fluid， seriously damaged lung tissue， increased number of white blood cells and percentage of neutrophils in blood （P<0.01）， elevated percentage of monocytes， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， immunoglobulin E （IgE） level and reactive oxygen species （ROS） level in lung tissue （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and decreased IFN-γ in alveolar lavage fluid （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， SD decreased the number of white blood cells， neutrophil accumulation， pulmonary congestion and interstitial edema， IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in alveolar lavage fluid and ROS level in lung tissue， and increased IgE level （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSD had a significant improvement effect on PE model where the disease was located in the viscera. It could regulate the excretion of water by purgation， regulate Qi movement and expel Qi stagnation by descending and sinking lung Qi， and promote purification and descent of lung qi to make Qi movement downward. This indicated SD had the descending and sinking properties. The medium dose of SD decoction exerted the best effect， and its mechanism of action might be through regulating the neutrophil inflammatory response.

Study on the quantitative evaluation parameter system for basic acupuncture manipulations based on 3D motion tracking technology / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a quantitative evaluation parameter system for basic acupuncture manipulations based on 3D motion tracking technology, and to further analyze the characteristics of acupuncture manipulation.@*METHODS@#The motion tracking system Simi Motion Ver.8.5 was used to collect parameters of acupuncture manipulations, so as to establish a quantitative evaluation system mainly in spatial control parameters, time control parameters and stability parameters. Based on the evaluation parameter system, data of acupuncture manipulations (even reinforcing-reducing manipulation using lifting-thrusting technique and twirling technique) were collected from 19 teachers majored in acupuncture-moxibustion, of which the characteristics were analyzed and were compared with the results tested by traditional ATP-Ⅱ acupuncture manipulation parameter determination apparatus (ATP-Ⅱ).@*RESULTS@#The evaluation parameter system could quantitatively analyze the basic acupuncture manipulations in 3 aspects, i.e. space, time and stability. Acupuncture manipulations were performed by shifting the needle body in a certain range along X, Y and Z axes. The amplitude and speed of thumb movement were greater than those of index finger. The time-history of lifting was similar to thrusting, while the time-history of twirling to left was similar to twirling to right in even reinforcing-reducing manipulation. The coordinate-time curve of finger movement of the evaluation system had consistent wave pattern compared with the voltage-time curve generated by ATP-Ⅱ.@*CONCLUSION@#The quantitative evaluation parameter system based on 3D motion tracking technology can objectively evaluate basic acupuncture manipulations, and show the characteristics of different manipulations and the movement details of finger joints.

Systematic evaluation of scientific research output for disciplines of "Double First-Class" universities:an empirical case of the discipline of pharmacology and toxicology / 中国药科大学学报

@#To promote the construction of first-class disciplines of "Double First-Class" universities in China, the construction of a comprehensive evaluation system was explored, so as to provide suggestions for the development of these disciplines.Essential Science Indicators (ESI), InCites and Derwent Innovation Index databases, together with range transformation method and entropy weight method, were employed to analyze the data in the field of pharmacology and toxicology from some universities; the construction approaches and index performance of the system were studied. The score performances of the sample universities in the index system are different from their ESI rankings, suggesting that the system has certain practical value.ESI rankings cannot fully reflect the development levels of disciplines, while the multi-dimensional index evaluation system can overcome this shortcoming to a certain extent.This paper establishes an evaluation system with published papers and granted patents as the main evaluation objects, covering as many multi-angle indicators of scientific research output as possible, and trying to overcome the disadvantages due to lack of information in a single or few index systems.It is suggested that universities should formulate their discipline development plans from the perspectives of publishing high-quality original research results, leading or widely participating in scientific research cooperation, strengthening university-enterprise cooperation, promoting the application of research results, promoting open science and encouraging open access.

CHINA PH ARMACY Volume 33，Number 7，April 15，2022 Semimonthly Table of Contents Drug selection guideline for medical institutions / 中国药房

In order to promote the standardization of drug selection in medical institutions ，enhance the level of pharmaceutical affairs management of medical institutions and promote the safe ，effective，economical and appropriate use of drugs in the treatment of diseases ，the Drug Selection Guideline for Medical Institutions （hereinafter refer to as the Guideline ）is formulated. The development of the Guideline for medical institutions is following the latest definition of Institution of Medicine （IOM）， National Academy of Sciences and based on the methodology of WHO handbook for guideline development. During the construction of the Guideline ，the research points of the Guideline are constructed on the basis of Delphi method ；a drug selection and evaluation system with 10 primary indicators and 30 secondary indicators as the core is also designed. The evaluation indexes can be divided into research indexes and policy indexes according to their attributes and main sources of evidence. The GRADE method is used to evaluate the quality of the evidence system for research indexes ，while the policy indexes are graded according to the Legislation Law of the People ’s Republic of China . On this basis ，the evaluation methods of those indexes are constructed by using evidence-based medicine method ，the recommendation is formed through expert consensus method ，and finally a standard guideline for drug selection in medical institutions is formed.

Development and Application of Comprehensive Evaluation System in the Treatment of Children with Hemophilia in China / 罕见病研究

Being a hereditary bleeding disorder, hemophilia is characterized by spontaneous bleeding, especially joint bleeding. The treatment outcome is a comprehensive evaluation system of the following three aspects: bleeding, musculoskeletal structure (imaging), and function-activity participation. Multidisciplinary testing and corresponding scales are needed in the assessment. Among them, the quality of life assessment of hemophilia patients is particularly important, through general questionnaires and hemophilia-specific questionnaires. Canadian hemophilia outcomes-Kids' life assessment tool(CHO-KLAT), a special quality of life assessment tool for children with hemophilia, is the most widely used. This paper briefly describes the development and application of comprehensive evaluation system of the children with the disease.

Construction and application of a delicacy management system of respiratory disciplines based on big data technology / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To establish an evaluation index system for the refinement management of respiratory specialties in four dimensions: medical care, teaching, scientific research and personnel training, to develop a refinement management system based on medical big data, and evaluate the effectiveness of its application.Methods:Based on evaluation indexes and literature of several domestic respiratory specialty influence rankings, an index system covering four dimensions (primary indexes), 16 secondary indexes and 73 tertiary indexes covering medical treatment (30%), teaching (15%), scientific research (40%) and personnel training (15%) was devised using brainstorming, Delphi, and hierarchical entropy weighting. Data from 13 professional groups and 248 respiratory discipline members integrated by the system in 2018 and 2019 were statistically analyzed using the refined index system embedded in the system to understand the system's application after a year of use with comparing the four dimensions of the discipline and the changes among specialty groups before and after implementation.Results:In 2019, respiratory medicine′s comprehensive score grew 30% compared to 2018. The subscores also grew, with scientific research showing the largest growth rate of 136% and talent cultivation showing the second highest. In 2019, ten of the 13 professional groups grew by 2% to 135%.Conclusions:An improved management system for respiratory medicine based on big data technology has provided a comprehensive, intuitive and quantitative view of the discipline′s development in four dimensions and the differences among specialty groups. It will be an effective decision-making tool for ensuring high-quality and balanced discipline development.

Sistema de evaluación de la asignatura Promoción de Salud en la carrera de Estomatología / The evaluation system in the subject Health Promotion in the Stomatology career

RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo parte de la necesidad de desarrollar el modo de actuación profesional de los estudiantes del primer año de la carrera de Estomatología, tomando como base el enfoque cognitivo, comunicativo y actitudinal que tienen lugar en las actividades de intervención comunitaria de la asignatura Promoción de Salud. Para abordar la problemática se plantea en este trabajo profundizar en los aportes teóricos sobre las competencias del profesional de la salud que se deben formar en el primer año de la carrera y su tratamiento desde el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura. Con el fin de diagnosticar el estado inicial del sistema de evaluación orientado hacia el modo de actuación profesional de la asignatura Promoción de Salud en la carrera de Estomatología, se seleccionó como muestra a 22 estudiantes del primer año y 3 profesores que imparten la misma. Los resultados obtenidos se evidenciaron a partir de la aplicación de instrumentos como la guía de observación, la entrevista y las encuestas a profesores y estudiantes y además en el análisis de las dimensiones e indicadores propuestos. En el diagnóstico inicial predominaron la mayoría de los alumnos obtuvieron la categoría de inadecuado en los indicadores: Representación cognitiva profesional, Aprehensión de los valores éticos y Actitudes profesionales, así como en la Valoración reflexiva de su actuación profesional.

ABSTRACT The following work is based on the need to develop the mode of professional performance of the students of the first year of the Stomatology career, taking as a basis the cognitive, communicative and attitudinal approach that take place in the community intervention activities of the subject Promotion of Health. In order to address the problem, it is proposed in this work to deepen the theoretical contributions on the competences of the health professional that must be trained in the first year of the career and its treatment from the teaching-learning process of the subject. In order to diagnose the initial state of the evaluation system oriented towards the professional performance mode of the Health Promotion subject in the Stomatology career, 22 first-year students and 3 teachers who teach it were selected as a sample. The results obtained were evidenced from the application of instruments such as the observation guide, the interview and the surveys of teachers and students, and also in the analysis of the proposed dimensions and indicators. In the initial diagnosis, most of the students prevailed, obtaining the category of inadequate in the indicators: professional cognitive representation, apprehension of ethical values and professional attitudes, as well as in the reflective assessment of their professional performance.

Establishment and implementation of ranking evaluation system for comprehensive strength of medical departments / 中华医院管理杂志

It is imperative to establish a scientific and reasonable ranking and evaluation system for the comprehensive strength of medical departments in encouraging high-quality development of hospitals. The authors summarized the practice of Liaoning Cancer Hospital in establishing an evaluation index system of the comprehensive strength of medical departments according to relevant national standards, and in conducting quantitative evaluation from medical practice, education and research. The index system fell into the basic evaluation indexes and the on-site evaluation indexes. As required by individual functions and management requirements of the departments, medical departments were categorized into clinical departments, medical technology departments/supporting departments. As required by the latest regulations in China′s healthcare system reform and hospital strategic planning, the evaluation indexes were designed to be tuned dynamically, and the coefficient of progress was introduced for longitudinal evaluation. Thanks to the system in place in 2017, the hospitals have integrated multi-disciplinary resources, guided medical departments to improve quality and efficiency, hence launching overall progress in medical practice, education and research and sustainable development.

Construction of evaluation index system of postgraduate education quality of clinical medicine based on SNA / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To systematically sort out and cluster the existing indicators of key issues in the quality of postgraduate clinical degree education based on the bibliometric study, so as to build a multidimensional quality assessment index system that integrates scientificity, rationality and representativeness, and to provide a scientific measurement tool for assessing clinical professional postgraduate education in China.Methods:By mining the related functions of UCINET6 network analysis integration software and its one-dimensional and two-dimensional data analysis NetDraw program, the social network analysis (SNA) method was used to extract and cluster the education quality problem set of clinical professional degree postgraduates.Results:A three-dimensional evaluation index system was constructed. The first dimension concluded such 8 key issues in the quality of postgraduate education in clinical medicine as ability assessment, teaching system, teaching quality assurance system, professional cognition and career prospects, assessment and evaluation system and organization, and the pulse taking and diagnosis.Conclusion:The clinical graduate education quality evaluation index system is an effective measurement tool for education quality improvement, based on a multidimensional perspective, with key issues as priority areas for intervention, providing an effective evidence-based basis for ensuring the development of professional graduate education efforts from 2020-2025.